Tsepilova O. Ot institucionalizacii k politizacii: sravnitel’nyj analiz vozniknoveniyai razvitiya zelyonyh partij Zapadnoj Evropy i politicheskogo kryla zelenogodvizheniya Rossii [From institutionalization to politicization: a comparative analysisof the emergence and development of Green parties in Western Europe and thepolitical wing of the Green Movement in Russia], Vlast’ i elity [Power and Elites],2022, 9 (2): 96–121. (in Russian)

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Abstract

Within the framework of the institutional approach, a comparative analysis of the emergence and development of the green parties of Western Europe and the political wing of the green movement of Russia is carried out. It is established that the processes of green party building become successful in both cases only on the basis of environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with a high degree of institutionalization of the environmental movement. Attempts by power groups to create green parties in Russia with the help of an administrative resource out of connection with a real environmental movement are part of the policy of administrative control and management of electoral processes. This political phenomenon is a significant difference between the Russian political green spectrum in comparison with the Western European one. There are three stages in the development of the political wing of the green movement in Russia. As the institutionalization of the green movement grows, the inclusion of political greens in the context of general policy becomes an increasingly real and effective process. At the same time, the political wing of the green movement of Russia remains weak, including due to the functioning of the opposition spectrum of Russian politics (the internal party faction “Green Russia” of the “YABLOKO” party). The study revealed that the Europeangreens and Russian political greens have a similar modern agenda in three main areas of development (environmental agenda, gender agenda, tolerance agenda) with the difference that Western European green parties develop all three directions in parity, while in Russia the environmental agenda is prevailing. The current agenda of the political greens is changing significantly due to the current international situation. In Western Europe, to a greater extent under the influence of external factors, in Russia — internal. Both in Western Europe and in Russia, most political greens retain membership both in their parties and in basic NGOs. Both European greens and Russian political greens are developing mainly on the left ideological spectrum, but the green political landscape exists today with many shades both in Western Europe and in Russia.