Rakhmonov A.Kh. The Adaptation and Integration of Migrants From Central Asia in the Labour Marget of Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. Bulletin of TSULBP. Series of Social Sciences. 2024. No. 3(100). Pp. 101-120.

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Abstract

The purpose of the article is to identify the strategy of adaptation of labor migrants from  Central Asian countries in the labor markets of the GCC countries, as well as the factors of  migrants' reorientation to a new direction of labor migration. It is noted that every year million  citizens from Central Asian countries come to Russia for employment. But every year the number  of migrants from Central Asian countries in the Russian labor market began to decrease in favor  of non-CIS countries. The reasons for the outflow of migrants from the Russian labor market are  considered to be various economic crises, as well as annual changes in Russia's migration  policy. The reasons for emigration to non-CIS countries from Central Asian countries, including  the countries of the Council of the Commonwealth of Arab States of the Persian Gulf (GCC),  bypassing Russia, can be divided into three stages. The first stage is the period of introduction of  labor patents for foreign citizens. During this period, migrant workers began to leave part of  their wages for the purchase of a labor patent. The second stage of emigration occurred during  the period of the currency crisis in Russia. In addition to paying for a mandatory labor patent,  migrants lost half of their wages due to the fall in the exchange rate of the Russian ruble against  the US dollar. The third stage of emigration of citizens of Central Asian countries began after  February 24, 2022, when the EU and the United States imposed new sanctions against Russia  due to the situation with Ukraine. During this period, migrant workers lost their jobs due to the  departure of foreign companies and firms, and their wages began to decline due to new economic  sanctions by Western countries against the Russian ruble. It is concluded that these crises have  led to an outflow of migrants from the Russian labor market in favor of foreign countries,  primarily to the GCC countries.