Akhmetova G. F., Utyasheva I. B., Skryabina Ya. A., Komleva R. N., Burkhanova F. B. Main trends in demographic processes in Bashkortostan at the end of the xx – beginning of the xxi century. Ufa humanitarian scientific forum. 2024. No. 1 (17). Pp. 263-279. DOI 10.47309 ...

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Abstract

The article examines the main trends in demographic processes occurring in one of the largest regions of the Russian Federation in terms of population in the Ural-Volga region - the Republic of Bashkortostan. The chronological scope of the study covers the last decade of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century (1990–2010). This period for the republic, as well as for Russia as a whole, was marked not only by the formation of new forms of socio-economic and socio- political relations (the transition to a market economy, the collapse of the Soviet Union, the formation of sovereign national republics within the Russian Federation in the 1990s) , but also qualitative changes in population reproduction and migration processes. Firstly, since the beginning of the 1990s, the birth rate in the republic has decreased below the limit of simple reproduction; secondly, during the same period a natural population decline began, which lasted until 2009; thirdly, in the 2000s, the size of the permanent population of the republic begins to decline, the working-age population is declining, the number of people older than working age is growing, which begins to dominate over groups younger than working age; fourthly, the republic is beginning to receive a large flow of refugees and internally displaced persons, as well as labor migrants from the republics of the former Soviet Union. In these conditions, the nature and direction of regional social policy becomes important. In the Republic of Bashkortostan it acquires a pronounced social and demographic orientation. Under the leadership and support of the first President of the Republic M. G. Rakhimov, a system of interrelated measures is being implemented in Bashkortostan to stimulate the birth rate, support families (the category of large families is especially highlighted), reduce mortality, and solve the social problems of refugees and internally displaced persons. Thanks to a well-thought-out, effective social and demographic policy, the republic largely managed to avoid the strengthening of negative demographic trends that manifested themselves in the country as a whole during the period under review.