Arkhangelskiy V.N., Kalachikova O.N. Women and men: differences in fertility and reproductive behavior. Economic and social changes: facts, trends, forecast. 2021. Vol. 14. No. 5. pp. 165-185.

Текст статьи на сайте журнала URL: http://esc.isert-ran.ru/article/29084/full?_lang=ru (дата обращения 08.12.2021)

Abstract

The search for the reasons that determine the dynamics of the population's birth rate continues to remain relevant both from a practical and theoretical point of view. The aim of the study was to attempt to assess the population of Russia for compliance with the stable population model in terms of the invariability of the sex structure. An attempt is made in the work to calculate and interpret the indicators of the reproduction of the male population. It was revealed that there are methodological limitations of such calculations, a variant of their overcoming is proposed. According to calculations, in 2019 in Russia the total fertility rate for women (1.504) was 9.1% higher than for men (1.378). The difference in the gross reproduction rate was 3.1% (0.730 for women and 0.708 for men), the net reproduction rate - 6.0% (0.719 for women, 0.678 for men). The difference in the value of the true coefficient of natural increase in women and men is 5.0% (respectively, -11.5 and -12.1 ‰). The existence of two quantitatively different modes of reproduction in the female and male generations casts doubt on the fundamental possibility of realizing the model of a stable population. The age model of fertility in men, as well as in women, is shifting towards older ages (in the groups of 25–29 years old and 30–34 years old). The average age of fathers at childbirth has also grown: from 31.51 years in 2011 to 32.40 in 2019. An analysis of the fertility model by the age of the mother and father has been carried out. It was determined that in most cases (70% in 2019) the father's age is greater than the mother's age, in 19% - the mother is older than the father, in 11% - the parents are peers. Fathers are 1–4 years older than mothers in 44–64% of cases (depending on the age of the mother). Characteristically, the difference in the age of the parents is higher when children are born out of wedlock. In the future, it is of scientific interest to study gender differences in reproductive motivation and other determinants of male and female fertility.