Rakhmonov A.Kh. Educational migration from Tajikistan to Russia: trends and consequences. Upravlenie

Abstract

The article considers the scale of emigration from Tajikistan to Russia, the distribution of Tajik migrants on the territory of Russia, the importance of the educational migration development for Tajikistan. As well as the trends of educational emigration from Tajikistan to Russia, the prospects of educational migration from Tajikistan and practical recommendations for Tajikistan on the preservation and return of highly qualified specialists to the country are proposed. Tajikistan, as a country with a young return structure of the population, has become a significant participant in various migration flows in recent years. Migrants from Tajikistan can be divided into two parts according to the level of education: the first is young people with secondary or incomplete secondary education, very rarely – with vocational education. The second group consists of middle-aged and older people, skilled workers, and specialists with secondary specialized and higher education. Traditionally, Tajik youth went to study in Russia and Kazakhstan. Half of Tajik university graduates are trying to continue their studies and/or find a job abroad using the Internet. Many people see educational migration as one of the channels of emigration. This process is accompanied by the receipt byTajik citizens of another education orretraining, the recognition of Tajik diplomas, the passage of appropriate courses in the receiving countries. The socio-economic situation in Tajikistan and the opportunity to earn money and improve living conditions both inside the country and abroad were primarily the driving factor of migration from Tajikistan to Russia. The main reasons why migrants do not want to return to Tajikistan are not only low wages at home, but also great opportunities abroad, which have not only economic, but also political and social dimensions (freedom of political views, the possibility of self-expression, the possibility of realizing abilities). As a result of this wave of migration, Tajikistan is losing not only young people, but also bright potential. We need a policy of attracting highly qualified people to the country, which is impossible without real changes in the socio-economic and political sphere. The purpose of the article is to identify trends and prospects for the development of educational migration from Tajikistan to Russia, as well as the consequences of educational emigration for Tajikistan.