Kozlova I. V., Pozdnyakova M.E. The value potential of classical humanism for new strategies for the formation of human dignity. Philosophy of Education. 2024. Vol. 24, No. 1. pp. 71-86. DOI: https: ...

Abstract

Introduction. The main provisions of Aristotle’s cosmological picture of the world, which became the first scientifically substantiated concept of the existence of all things, are analyzed. Based on a fundamentally new methodology of scientific knowledge – metaphysics – the Aristotelian picture of the world considers the essence of the universe as a natural, holistic process, conditioned by reasons lying within the world itself. Methodology is based on the principles of phenomenology of the theory of knowledge and hermeneutics of interpretation of publications on Aristotelian metaphysics. Discussion. Aristotle’s metaphysics not only became the basis of the ancient picture of the world, but also determined the birth of science itself, as a system of knowledge isolated from other forms of knowledge of the world. One of the significant dialectical approaches in the study was the identification of contradictions in the Aristotelian picture of the world. The idea of heliocentrism, which “grew up” from Aristotelian methodology, became an alternative scientific picture of the world that determined the entire further course of scientific development, since its dominance in the scientific world as a set of existing ideas about nature and the surrounding reality has become a constant value and develops, transforms, progresses in accordance with the development of scientific thought, adequate to those ideas that take place at the current moment. Conclusion. Aristotle’s teaching set the format for the entire scientific worldview at the level of fundamental structures, many of which to a certain extent retained and continue to retain their relevance in the changing flow of times and paradigms. Aristotle’s cosmology became a daring and bold step of human thought in the knowledge of the unknown and is rightfully recognized as the first scientific picture of the world. Despite the fundamental nature of Aristotle’s teaching, many provisions of his concept must be considered relative