Mukhanova M.N. Entrepreneurship in the Russian agricultural sektor. Social Scienses. 2024. Vol. 55. No. 1. Pp. 48-67. https:

Abstract

This article analyzes the emergence of entrepreneurial strata based on a case study of farmers and entrepreneurs operating in the informal agrarian sector. The author relies on panel data gathered by the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) about the employment of rural residents and their households from 2011 to 2022 and data from Agricultural Censuses of 2006-2021. The author examines factors of their emergence and sustainability (crystallization) amid the strong institutional pressure of 30 years of agrarian reforms, the criteria of which are an increase in private ownership of agricultural lands, and the growth of agricultural production and its export to world markets. These indicators revealed entrepreneurial potential based on the prestige of actors with a high level of social capital who have not only skills and competences but also social contacts that are indispensable when it comes to converting them into material and financial incomes in economic and institutional contexts. The analysis reveals a difference between farmers and entrepreneurs in terms of resource potential (land, capitals), values, social and labor practices, and the extent to which they are integrated into the new innovative economy. This analysis of sociostructural processes taking place in the Russian countryside shows how the socioeconomic and institutional milieu affects the development of farms, entrepreneurial organizations, and the state of the agrarian labor market. The movement of labor and the employment level in the formal and informal sectors of the various branches of the agro-industrial complex (AIC), as well as incomes of those employed in the AIC and the socioeconomic status of their households, were studied. The indicators of sectoral employment in the labor market reveal a historical moment in the life of the rural world when traditional forms of management and familiar contours of the social structure of rural settlements are gradually replaced by new social strata that create a new reality for rural territories. This article analyzes the emergence of entrepreneurial stratabased on a case study of farmers and entrepreneurs operating in the informalagrarian sector. The author relies on panel data gathered by the FederalState Statistics Service (Rosstat) about the employment of rural residentsand their households from 2011 to 2022 and data from Agricultural Censusesof 2006-2021. The author examines factors of their emergence and sustainability(crystallization) amid the strong institutional pressure of 30 years ofagrarian reforms, the criteria of which are an increase in private ownershipof agricultural lands, and the growth of agricultural production and its exportto world markets. These indicators revealed entrepreneurial potential basedon the prestige of actors with a high level of social capital who have not onlyskills and competences but also social contacts that are indispensable whenit comes to converting them into material and financial incomes in economicand institutional contexts. The analysis reveals a difference between farmersand entrepreneurs in terms of resource potential (land, capitals), values, socialand labor practices, and the extent to which they are integrated into the newinnovative economy. This analysis of sociostructural processes taking placein the Russian countryside shows how the socioeconomic and institutionalmilieu affects the development of farms, entrepreneurial organizations, andthe state of the agrarian labor market. The movement of labor and the employmentlevel in the formal and informal sectors of the various branchesof the agro-industrial complex (AIC), as well as incomes of those employedin the AIC and the socioeconomic status of their households, were studied.The indicators of sectoral employment in the labor market reveal a historicalmoment in the life of the rural world when traditional forms of managementand familiar contours of the social structure of rural settlements are graduallyreplaced by new social strata that create a new reality for rural territories.

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