Osadchaya G. I., Volkova O. A., Ostavnaia A. N. Return migration to the Kyrgyz Republic: factors and assessment of the situation. Bulletin of the South Russian State Technical University. Series: Socio-economic Sciences. 2024; 17(1): 24–41. (In Russ.). http: ...

Текст статьи на сайте журнала URL: https://vestnik.npi-tu.ru/index.php/vestnikSRSTU/article/view/2507 (дата обращения 24.06.2024)

Abstract

The purpose of the study presented in the article is to identify factors and assess the social situation of migrants returning from the Russian Federation to the Kyrgyz Republic. This process has caused a strain on the law enforcement system, the labor market and social infrastructure, and has also led to an increase in social tension. Methodology. The work is based on the materials of three sociological studies carried out in 2022-2023 (using questionnaire survey methods and semi-structured interviews) by the Institute for Demographic Research of the Federal Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences together with the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, which conducted a comparative analysis of migration factors, social status, employment and quality of life of Kyrgyz labor migrants in Russia and return migrants in Kyrgyzstan. As a result of the study, the factors of return migration to the Kyrgyz Republic were found: the causes and goals of migration, the socio-cultural specifics of migrants’ family life, the sources of pushing migrants out of the country of reception and attraction at home. Return migration has a multifaceted character, reflects the multidirectional nature of the migration process, the diversity of migrant profiles by type of migration and socio-demographic characteristics. Positive self-assessments of the social status of returning migrants are associated with objective changes in Russia and the Kyrgyz Republic, with savings made during migration, as well as with migrants’ subjective perception of their life in their homeland. It has been revealed that in the Kyrgyz Republic, return migration is characterized by a number of problems: the lack of special programs to facilitate the return and sustainable reintegration of return migrants into the life of local communities, unfavorable public opinion about return migrants with negative migration experiences. It is proved that the regulation of return migration in the Kyrgyz Republic occurs mainly in the context of the legal integration of migrants, therefore there is a need to provide them with comprehensive legal, economic, socio-cultural and psychological support. The prospects of the study lie in the development of a comprehensive analysis of return migration from Russia to the countries of Central Asia.