Makeeva S.B. Jilin Province of China, 1949–1979: History of Regional and Demographic Development. Oriental Studies. 2024; 17 (2): 259–269. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.22162 ...

Текст статьи на сайте журнала URL: https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5163/3015 (дата обращения 01.10.2024)

Abstract

Introduction. The history of regional and demographic development of China's northeastern Jilin Province from 1949 to 1979 is a set of socio-economic, spatial and urban changes in the demographic potential of the strategically important border territory of the PRC. Objectives and tasks of the study. It is necessary to consider the features of economic processes in the evolution of Jilin Province from 1949 to 1979; identify the main trends in ethnic, spatial and urban, and migration processes; establish the causes and consequences of the high birth rate, low mortality, and predominance of the younger generation in the population structure of Jilin Province during the period under review. Materials and methods. The article is based on sources on the historical demography of the PRC: population censuses, statistical collections, and materials of five-year plans. The study used such historical methods as synchronous and statistical. Results. Thirty years after the founding of the PRC in 1949 were accompanied by the economic strengthening of the strategically important border province of Jilin. The formation of a regional production infrastructure with a predominance of the automotive industry, petrochemical, fuel and energy, coal, and metallurgical industries had a positive effect on improving the demographic situation in Jilin. Over thirty years, the province's population increased by 11 million 761 thousand people, the number of marriages grew, and the younger generation predominated in the population structure. Spatial and urban changes in Jilin Province took into account ethnic characteristics and industrial potential, but did not solve the food problem by preserving arable land. As a result of population growth in Jilin since the late 1970s, conditions began to be created for the implementation of the "one family - one child" policy and the solution of the food problem and the preservation of arable land. Conclusions. The history of regional and demographic development of China's northeastern Jilin Province from 1949 to 1979. was characterized by an increase in the birth rate, a decrease in the death rate, a rapid rate of natural population growth, an increase in the number of urban areas, accelerated urbanization, and migration from other provinces to the industrial, forestry, and rural areas of Jilin.