Suslov A.Yu., Goloseeva A.A. The individual political terror of the 1920-s in the assessments of the Russian socialist emigration. History: facts and symbols. 2024. No. 3 (40). Pp. 122-137. Doi.org ...

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Abstract

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to study the perception of the problem of individual po-litical terror in the Russian emigrant socialist community of the 1920s. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the work is the principles of intellectual history, which allow us to consider terror from the point of view of analyzing the ideological struggle, the confrontation of individual political figures and public groups for the space of attention. A brief historiographical description of the main works of domestic and foreign historians is given. Results. The context of the 1923 trial, the reaction of various emigration camps, and the activities of organizing the de-fense of Konradi and Polunin are analyzed. It is shown that double standards have been manifested in relation to the very practice of political terrorism on the part of right–wing and moderately con-servative circles of Russian emigration: similar methods can be applied to political opponents, but when an attempt victim becomes a "friend" of politics, this causes rejection and public condemna-tion. The official reaction of the Foreign Delegation of the Socialist Revolutionary Party is record-ed in the magazine Revolutionary Russia. The greatest attention is paid to V.M. Chernov's un-published article "Both are worse" (1923), dedicated to the results of the trial in Lausanne. Cher-nov's argumentation and his views on the fundamental differences between the pre-revolutionary Socialist Revolutionary terror and the murder of V.V. Vorovsky are analyzed. It is noted that the popular-will and Socialist-Revolutionary terror was in a strict moral and ethical framework that did not allow political crimes to be committed. Chernov emphasizes that only those who are not involved in the white terror can be held accountable for the red terror. The reaction of Russian so-cial democracy in emigration is evaluated, in particular, the article by the leader of the foreign Mensheviks F.I. Dan, dedicated to the Lausanne process. Conclusions. The authors conclude that the thesis of the right of only socialist parties, without involving the white movement, to fight the Bolshevik dictatorship prevails. The conclusion is made about the fundamentally unified position of foreign Russian socialists in opposing political terror.