DA ILY RUSSIAN LIFE EXPRESSED IN TIME-USE PARAMETERS (1965–2014)

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Abstract

This article presents the results of analyzing the urban population’s use of time, which are based on monitoring research conducted at the same territorial object over a course of 50 years. This work also contains a brief historical note on the research that has been conducted since the 1920’s, together with information about the researchers who created and developed this branch of sociology, and about the value of the time-budget method, the use of which helps obtain objective information on the population’s true behavior. Mentioned are the rules upon which is based the method used to study the population’s time-use, and a classification of different sorts of activities, which have been used during the entire research period. The main goal of this article is to determine how the results of the country’s development and transformation refract in the daily activity of its population. The displayed proportion between work activity, recreational time and educational-development activities within the employed urban population’s time-budget defines the course of adaptation during various stages of Russian society’s development: twenty post-war Soviet years (1965); the country starting to go through political, social and economic transformations (1986); the end to drastic political and economic reforms (1998); twenty years of reforms (2008); modern Russia undergoing transformation (2014). Demonstrated are the true behavior dynamics in the fields of paid and unpaid labor, in covering basic physiological needs, and also when it comes to spare time. Analyzed is data on the dynamics of time-budget use among laborers, this being an important social-professional group which accounts for 35% of Russia’s entire employed population. This article also uses the results of evaluating time-use in Western European countries and in Russia in order to compare the figures of general work load parameters in those forms under comparison.