Semikolennykh M.V. History as Tragedy in Otto von Freising’s Works. Religio-ethical Transformations of European Culture: from Middle Ages to Modernity. VERBUM (The Miscellany of the Saint-Petersburg Center for Medieval Culture Studies), 2008, Vol. 10. pp. 177–186. Semikolennykh M.V. History as Tragedy in Otto von Freising’s Works. Religio-ethical Transformations of European Culture: from Middle Ages to Modernity. VERBUM (The Miscellany of the Saint-Petersburg Center for Medieval Culture Studies), 2008, Vol. 10. pp. 177–186.ISBN 978-5-288-04734-3Posted on site: 05.01.18AbstractOtto of Freising's Chronica, sive Historia de duabus civitatibus is a work belonging to the early stage of the formation of modern concepts of causality and the inner logic of history. Otto doesn't reject the predominance of the divine will but demonstrates that the destiny of both certain individuals and the whole world may also be accidentally changed in accordance with their own nature.