S.V.Ryazantsev, L.S. Ruban. Forced migration of the population after the October revolution of 1917 and during the existance of the USSR. Issues of National and Federative Relations, 2020, Vol. 10, No. 11(68), pp. 2544-2553.

Abstract

The authors analyze population migrations in the post-October period in Soviet Russia/USSR: forced (emigration, spontaneous migrations during the famine in 1922, 1932-1933, and 1947, caused by both subjective factors: miscalculations in economic policy, and objective: droughts and crop failures, typhoid and cholera epidemics, consequences and devastation after the civil war and the second world war; evacuations during the great Patriotic war) and forced (exile to Gulag camps and special camps). settlements of “class-alien elements” and other segments of the population – especially large-scale during the Great terror and collectivization; deportations of peoples before, during and after the great Patriotic war). Shows the political and economic rationale behind these forced migrations: the elimination of class enemies and class-alien elements, providing employment resources Grand socialist construction and other economic projects, in particular, nuclear and other hazardous industries, the development of remote and polar areas or other areas with severe climate or unfit for human habitation, but rich in minerals needed for the country. It is shown as with the introduction in 1932. passports that were abolished after 1917, and the system of registration was carried out universal control over the 2546 Вопросы НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ И ФЕДЕРАТИВНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ • Выпуск 11(68) • 2020 • Том 10 movement of all segments of the population throughout the territory of the USSR, since every citizen arriving in any city or locality had to register at a new address and get a stamp in the passport. This system made it difficult to move around the country. In particular, the collective farm peasantry, who did not have passports in their hands, were fixed on the ground.