Sergei V. Ryazantsev, Elena E. Pismennaya. Аttracting migration resources and improving migration policy in the context of the second wave of depopulation in Russia. In: I Russian-Iranian Sociological Forum. Conference Proceedings (Moscow, 16 – 18 November 2020) ...

Текст статьи/сборника URL: https://www.isras.ru/files/File/publ/Ros_Iran_sbornik_2020.pdf

Abstract

The article examines the features of the demographic development of Russia and the responses of the Russian authorities to the challenges of the country’s demographic development during 1990-2020. The scientific problem of the study is identification of the features of current stage of depopulation in Russia and the contribution of various components to compensate the loss of population in the country. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach to determine the causes, trends and consequences of demographic processes in Russia under the conditions of the second wave of depopulation. As a result of this study, it was found that during the modern history of Russia, at least two waves of depopulation were observed. The first wave of depopulation – in 1993-2008, when there was a decrease in the population, mortality increased, birth rate decreased, and the migration gain could not compensate for the demographic losses, the size of which was comparable to the war effect. The peculiarity of the “second wave of depopulation” is that the scale of natural decline is exclusively determined by the reduction in the birth rate. The decline depends to a lesser extent on a decrease in the average fertility rate and, to a greater extent, on a decrease in the number of the most productive part of women of reproductive contingent. The key problems of demographic development at the stage of the second wave of depopulation are highlighted. The system of measures of demographic and migration policy in Russia is considered. The significant role of immigration in replenishing the demographic losses of the population in Russia is highlighted. There were proposed measures to neutralize depopulation in the country. A Science-Based National Demographic Program with four directions of measures is proposed: creating conditions for the birth and raising children, supporting families with children; developing measures of self-preserving behavior, reducing mortality and increasing life expectancy; attracting migrants of various categories who want to live and work in Russia; creating conditions for self-realization of the population oriented towards emigration from Russia.