Lukyanets A.S. Factors of the migration outflow of the population from the Far North of Russia. In: Migration processes in the Asia-Pacific region: political, socio-economic and demographic effects: Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical conferences (Moscow, November 5-6, 2020) ...

Abstract

The article discusses the main factors of the formation of migration processes. It was found that population migration throughout the entire time since the settlement of the Northern Territories was a component of the increase in the population. At present, internal Russian migration is a factor of depopulation. The positive balance of international migration cannot fully compensate for the internal Russian migration outflow. Taking into account the migration situation in the overwhelming majority of the regions of the Far North and equivalent territories, the identified factors can be confidently called factors of the migration outflow of the population. As a result of the study, it was found that the monetary income of the population is neither a determining reason for moving to the regions of the Russian North, nor a retaining instrument for the current population of the territories under consideration. It was revealed that, taking into account the cost of living in the regions of the Far North, the average per capita monetary income of the population of the studied regions remains below the national average. As a result of a survey of the population and representatives of government and business authorities, the influence of natural and climatic factors on the migration attitudes of the population in the Far North regions and equivalent territories was determined. The diametrically opposite perception of global climatic changes among the indigenous peoples and the ordinary population living in the studied territories was established. For indigenous small-numbered peoples, climatic changes, expressed mainly in an increase in average monthly temperatures, are an additional risk factor for both health and a stable socio-economic situation. Traditional activities such as reindeer husbandry and fishing are further adversely affected by higher average monthly temperatures in all months of the year. At the same time, the increase in the summer period and the reduction in the winter period against the background of general climatic warming were positively assessed by both the population and representatives of government bodies and business structures. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn about the low efficiency of the existing measures of economic support for the population living in the regions of the Far North and equivalent territories.