Vartanova M. L. The specifics of urbanization in Russia: the leading factors of social development of urban and rural areas. Bulletin of the Academy of Knowledge. 2021. No. 45 (4). Pp. 61-71.

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Abstract

The main purpose of the study is to study social problems and trends in the development of cities and rural areas of Russia. The analysis of regional problems of rural social development was hampered by limited information: regional statistics on rural areas are mainly represented by demographic data, and the published data on wages and employment – the main indicators of social differentiation – are presented only for the urban and rural population of Russia as a whole or by administrative units (subjects of the Russian Federation, administrative districts) without dividing into city and village. However, even limited information confirms that the level of soci al development in rural areas, as before, unfortunately, lags far behind cities. The quality of the population (education, health), the level and living conditions differ sharply. At the same time, it is noted that, without abandoning the use of these areas of analysis, the social development of cities was considered in the study from the point of view of the factors affecting it. It seems that from the point of view of social development, the border between cities and rural areas separates large regional centers, cities with high incomes (export cities) or the quality of the population (part of the cities of science), as well as cities within the largest agglomerations from the rest of Russia. The study showed that the final result was most strongly influenced by the levels of consumption, wages, investment and unemployment, that is, mainly social indicators. It is proposed to use the published results of this study to compare the social development of urban and rural areas.