Shamaeva E. F., Shadrov K. N. Assessment of GDP and living standards of countries in the focus of interdisciplinary study

Abstract

For more than a hundred years, science has been applying physical laws to analyzesocial and economic systems. However, it must be admitted that in the management ofsocial and economic systems there are no systemic connections with natural, economic andsocial phenomena, expressed in a consistently measurable form, which leads to incorrectestimates and gives rise to crises. The current complex crisis situation in the world poses the task of the scientificcommunity to develop theoretical and methodological provisions based on measuredvalues or a meter that would be initially adequate for describing natural systems, and atthe same time would be sufficiently applicable to assess socio-economic phenomena. Forsuch assessments, it is necessary to rely on the law of nature and use the correspondingmeter. Such a measure is proposed in the works of the International Scientific School ofSustainable Development named after P. G. Kuznetsova. The socio-economic system, including the economy of the country and the world, canbe represented as a generalized machine of a certain capacity. In this machine, useful energyis embodied, directly or indirectly, in all manufactured goods and services. Accordingly,some traditional macroeconomic indicators can be expressed in energy units. The article isdevoted to the application of energy theory of cost to estimate Gross Domestic Product andliving standards of the countries of the world in energy units, the results of calculations forthe period 1992-2019 are given.

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